Background: Resveratrol, a constituent of red wine, and γ-tocotrienol, a constituent of palm oil are important for cardioprotection. Although MicroRNAs are known regulators for genes involved in cardiac remodeling the regulatory pathway involving microRNA has not been studied so far.
Methods: We explored the cardioprotection by resveratrol, longevinex and γ tocotrienol in ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) model of rat and determined miRNA profile from isolated RNA. Systemic analyses of miRNA array and theirs targets were determined using a number of computational approaches.
Results: Resveratrol and γ-tocotrienol, either alone or in combination, modulated the expression pattern of miRNAs close to the control level based on PCA analyses. Differential expression was observed in over 75 miRNAs, some of them, such as miR-21 and miR-20b (antiangiogenic) were previously implicated in cardiac remodeling. The target genes for the highest differentially expressed miRNA include genes of various molecular function such as TGFβ1-Smad3 signaling pathway, inflammation and their transcription factors, which may play key role in reducing I/R injury. Administration of antagomiR-20 attenuated I/R induced VEGF and HIF1α level.
Conclusion: All the interventions treated for 3 weeks lead to significant cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. A unique signature of miRNA profile is observed in control heart pretreated with resveratrol or γ-tocotrienol. We have determined specific group of miRNA in heart that have altered during IR injuries. Most of those altered microRNA expressions modulated close to their basal level in resveratrol or longevinex treated I/R rat. Interestingly, resveratrol and γ-tocotrienol resulted in synergestic action.