The Protective Effects of Combination Vitamin E and Swimming Exercise on Memory Impairment Induced by Exposure to Waterpipe Smoke

Karem H Alzoubi, Abdulsalam M Halboup, Omar F Khabour, Mahmoud M Alomari

Abstract

Background: Waterpipe smoking (WP) exposure has a negative health impact including memory deficit which was attributed to elevation of oxidative stress. Vitamin E (VitE) or swimming exercise have protective effects that prevent memory impairment. In the current study, the modulation of WP-induced memory impairment by the combined effect of VitE and swimming exercise (SE) was investigated.

Method: Animals were exposed to WP one hour/day, five days per week for four weeks. Simultaneously, VitE (100mg/kg, six days/week for four weeks) was administered via oral gavage, and the rats were given swim exercise one hour/day, five days/week for four weeks. Changes in memory were evaluated using Radial Arm Water Maze (RAWM) and Oxidative stress biomarkers were examined in the hippocampus.

Results: WP exposure induced short-term/long-term memory impairment (p <0.05). This impairment was prevented by a combination of VitE with SE (p <0.05). Additionally, this combination normalized the hippocampal catalase, GPx, GSH/GSSG ratios that were modulated by WP (p <0.05). The combination further reduced TBARs levels below the control group (p <0.05).

Conclusion: WP induced memory impairments were prevented by the combination of VitE with SE. This could be attributed to preserving the hippocampal oxidative mechanism by the combination of VitE and SE during WP exposure.

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