Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women

Habib Yarizadeh, Leila Setayesh, Caroline Roberts, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Khadijeh Mirzaei

Int J Vitam Nutr Res . 2020 Jul 16;1-9. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000664. Online ahead of print.

Abstract

Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = -0.00, 95% CI = -49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI -41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the “USFA-vit E” pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.

M Samare-Najaf, F Zal, S Safari, F Koohpeyma, N Jamali

Hum Exp Toxicol . 2020 Jul 15;960327120937329. doi: 10.1177/0960327120937329. Online ahead of print

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent with demonstrated reproductive toxicity. This study sought to determine the DOX-induced toxicity in the ovary and uterus and the preventive effects of quercetin (QCT) and vitamin E (Vit.E). Female rats were divided into six groups as follows: control, QCT (20 mg/kg), Vit.E (200 mg/kg), DOX (accumulative 15 mg/kg), DOX/QCT, and DOX/Vit.E. After 3 weeks, the toxicity of DOX in ovarian and uterine tissues and the potential palliative effects of QCT and Vit.E were evaluated by histopathological-stereological methods. The findings indicate a dramatic decline in the number of ovarian follicles (p < 0.001), ovarian and its associated structures volume, the volume of the uterus, its layers, and related structures (p < 0.05). Coadministration of QCT and Vit.E with DOX-treated rats demonstrated an alleviative effect on most of the studied parameters. Nevertheless, few adverse effects were recognized concerning these antioxidants administration (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the findings of this study support the protective role of these dietary supplements in the prevention of DOX-induced toxicity in uterine and ovarian tissues.

Er Sheng Gong, Chengmei Liu, Bin Li, Wei Zhou, Hongyu Chen, Tong Li, Jianyong Wu, Zicong Zeng, Yuehua Wang, Xu Si, Yuxi Lang, Ye Zhang, Weijia Zhang, Guowen Zhang, Shunjing Luo, Rui Hai Liu

Food Chem . 2020 Jul 15;318:126484. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126484. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Abstract

The phytochemical contents, peroxyl radical scavenging capacities (PSCs) and cellular antioxidant activities (CAAs) of free and bound fractions of rice were reported. Black rice had the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in free and bound fractions, followed by red rice, brown rice, and polished rice. Black rice contained much more free phenolic compounds than other rice samples, such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, protocatechuic acid, and vanillic acid. Tocopherols and tocotrienols contents were highest in red rice, then in black rice, brown rice, and polished rice. PSCs and CAAs of free and bound fractions were in the order: black rice > red rice > brown rice > polished rice, except that bound CAA of red rice was higher than that of black rice. The cellular uptake rate of free phenolics was highest in red rice, while cellular uptake rates of bound phenolics were highest in brown rice and polished rice.

Eleonora Scarlata, Maria C Fernandez, Cristian O'Flaherty

Antioxidants (Basel) . 2020 Jul 13;9(7):E613. doi: 10.3390/antiox9070613.

Abstract

Infertility is an important health problem that affects up to 16% of couples worldwide. Male infertility is responsible for 50% of the cases. Currently, a physical examination, hormone profiling and the evaluation of two consecutive semen samples (to determine the sperm concentration, motility, morphology and, in very few cases, sperm DNA integrity) are the sole tools that physicians have to evaluate infertility in men. Antioxidant therapy is often used to improve sperm quality and function in infertile men. However, there are controversial results regarding the efficacy of these treatments. Prdx6^-/- male mice are subfertile, displaying significant oxidative damage in the lipids, proteins and DNA of their spermatozoa. Here, we used Prdx6^-/- male mice to test whether a novel combination of tocopherols that contained 60% γ-tocopherol and ascorbic acid could restore their fertility. These mice were fed with the supplemented (Vit. Mix) or control diets. To assess sperm quality, we determined the motility, levels of lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidation and tyrosine nitration in the spermatozoa. The number of pups sired by the Prdx6^-/- mice fed with the Vit. Mix diet was higher than that sired by the males fed with the control diet, and the pups’ mortality was lower. The sperm quality was improved in the males fed with the supplemented diet. We concluded that treatment with a supplement composed of tocopherols and rich in γ-tocopherol and ascorbic acid is effective in restoring fertility in cases where oxidative stress and high levels of tyrosine nitration are associated with male infertility.

Yongsheng Ma, Linjing Deng, Ping Ma, Yang Wu, Xu Yang, Fang Xiao, Qihong Deng

J Hazard Mater . 2020 Jul 12;402:123455. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123455. Online ahead of print.

Abstract

Background: As cooking is an essential part of people’s daily life, cooking oil fumes (COF) has been recognized as one of the major indoor air pollutant. Mounting epidemiological evidence has indicated that COF exposure is significantly associated with an increased risk of various health effects including lung cancer, but toxicological studies are very limited.

Objectives: We conduct a systematic study to provide toxicological evidence of COF exposure on the lungs, to examine the underlying toxicological mechanism, and to suggest intervention measures to mitigate this toxicity.

Methods: A total 96 female rats were randomly divided into control groups, COF exposure groups (0.2, 2, 20 mg/kg) and vitamin E protection groups, receiving appropriate treatment for 30 days. First we measured airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) followed by a lung histological analysis to investigate the toxicological effects of COF. We next analyzed the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis to examine the underlying toxicological mechanism, and finally we investigated the protective effects of vitamin E against the toxicity of COF.

Results: AHR measurement indicated that the airway resistance increased with the COF dose and the lung histological assay showed narrowing of the airway lumen, which provided evidence of the toxicological effects of COF. The biomarkers of oxidative stress (ROS and MDA), pro-inflammation (TNF-α and IL-1β), and apoptosis (NF-κB and Caspase-3) were all significantly increased with COF dose. We observed that above toxicological effects and biomarker levels induced by COF were significantly ameliorated after administration of VE.

Conclusion: The toxicity of cooking oil fumes on the lungs is clear from the evidence and mechanism, and can be ameliorated by vitamin E. We suggested that oxidative stress may be primarily responsible for the observed cooking oil fumes-induced toxicity.

Nikolett Nánási, Gábor Veres, Edina K Cseh, Diána Martos, Levente Hadady, Péter Klivényi, László Vécsei, Dénes Zádori

Heliyon . 2020 Jul 11;6(7):e04425. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04425. eCollection 2020 Jul.

Abstract

Several studies supported an increased vulnerability of males regarding Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its animal models, the background of which has not been exactly revealed, yet. In addition to hormonal differences, another possible factor behind that may be a female-predominant increase in endogenous striatal alpha-tocopherol (αT) level with aging, even significant at 16 weeks of age, previously demonstrated by the authors. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was the assessment whether this difference in striatal αT concentration may contribute to the above-mentioned distinct vulnerability of genders to nigrostriatal injury. Female and male C57Bl/6 mice at the age of 16 weeks were injected with 12 mg/kg body weight 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 5 times at 2 h intervals or with saline. The levels of some biogenic amines (striatum) and αT (striatum and plasma) were determined by validated high performance liquid chromatography methods. Although the results proved previous findings, i.e., striatal dopamine decrease was less pronounced in females following MPTP treatment, and striatal αT level was significantly higher in female mice, the correlation between these 2 variables was not significant. Surprisingly, MPTP treatment did not affect striatal αT concentrations, but significantly decreased plasma αT levels without differences between genders. The current study, examining the possible role of elevated αT in female C57Bl/6 mice behind their decreased sensitivity to MPTP intoxication for the first time, was unable to demonstrate any remarkable connection between these 2 variables. These findings may further confirm that αT does not play a major role against neurotoxicity induced by MPTP.

Tyler R. Kemnic, Meghan Coleman

In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan. 2020 Jul 10.

Excerpt

Vitamin E is all the following eight compounds alpha, beta, gamma, and delta-tocopherol and alpha, beta, gamma, and delta-tocotrienol. Alpha-tocopherol is the only compound of the eight that are known to meet human dietary needs. All of the vitamin E forms are absorbed in the small intestine, and then the liver metabolizes only alpha-tocopherol. The liver then removes and excretes the remaining vitamin E forms. Vitamin E deficiency is extremely rare in humans as it is unlikely caused by a diet consisting of low vitamin E. Rather, it tends to be caused by irregularities in dietary fat absorption or metabolism. Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble nutrient. Vitamin E may have a role in reducing atherosclerosis and lowering rates of ischemic heart disease. Premature infants have low vitamin E reserves due to vitamin E only able to cross the placenta in small amounts.

Ciro Caruso, Amalia Porta, Alessandra Tosco, Daniela Eletto, Luigi Pacente, Silvia Bartollino, Ciro Costagliola

Pharmaceutics . 2020 Jul 8;12(7):E642. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070642.

Abstract

Keratitis is a severe condition characterized by inflammation of the cornea following a local trauma. The most common ocular disease is the bacterial one, which requires an antibiotic treatment. The major limitation of this therapy is the resistance of the antibiotic. For this reason, alternative procedures have been developed and consist of antimicrobial molecules. One of the most used is the chlorhexidine gluconate, which has shown activity versus Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. In addition to its efficiency, chlorhexidine shows low toxicity levels for mammalian cells and is a low-cost molecule. Despite its multiple benefits, chlorhexidine, if used at concentrations higher than 0.02% (w/w), can cause local eye irritation. Additionally, its poor penetrability through the cornea makes necessary frequent instillation of eye drops for a prolonged time. Due to these limitations, alternative drug delivery strategies are required. Here, we report a novel formulation based on the combination of d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate with chlorhexidine, which results in higher accumulation of the drug in human corneas measured by liquid chromatography and strong antimicrobial activity. Moreover, this formulation does not cause any toxic effect on human cells and is well tolerated by rabbit eyes. Therefore this novel formulation represents a good candidate for the treatment of keratitis that overcomes the risk of antibiotic resistance.

Muhammad Usman, Nabiyah Bakhtawar

Cureus . 2020 Jul 6;12(7):e9018. doi: 10.7759/cureus.9018.

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. It is characterized by a variety of pathologies, ranging from benign fatty liver to extensive fibrosis and even hepatocellular cancer. Among the several potential risk factors, insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress are the most important. Vitamin E is an antioxidant with a potential to be used as a treatment for NAFLD. Therefore, we carried out a structured systematic review of all RCTs conducted between 2010 and January 2020. After screening, eight RCTs were included. Our systematic review showed that vitamin E has clinical utility in improving biochemical (ALT and AST levels) and histological abnormalities in NAFLD (hepatic steatosis and lobular inflammation). However, vitamin E does not seem to have significant effects on liver fibrosis. Still, vitamin E has the potential to be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of NAFLD, and its use in clinical practice should be advocated.

Ratnani H, Suprayogi T W, Sardjito T, Susilowati S, Azura S

Infect Dis Rep . 2020 Jul 6;12(Suppl 1):8721. doi: 10.4081/idr.2020.8721. eCollection 2020 Jul 7.

Abstract

Background: The effects of α-tocopherol on intracellular Ca²⁺ intensity in semen cryopreservation by regulate intracellular Ca²⁺ intensity have not been reported yet.

Objective: The research was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation α- tocopherol into egg yolk skim milk extender on sperm quality and intracellular Ca²⁺ intensity.

Methods: Semen samples were collected and supplemented with respectively 0mM (P0); 0.5mM (P1); 1mM (P2); 1.5mM (P3) and 2mM (P4) α-tocopherol in extender before cryopreservation processes. Post-thawing sperm was evaluated for motility, viability, and abnormality using Phase Contrast Microscope (200x) with eosin-nigrosine staining, and intracellular Ca²⁺ intensity of the best result dose was evaluated using Confocal Laser Scan Microscope (400x) with Fluo-3 Staining.

Results: The results showed there was a significant difference (P≤0.05) in sperm motility and viability between P0; P1 with P2; P3; P4. The Motility and viability between groups P0; P1 and P3; P4 showed no significant difference (P≥0.05), while P2 with P3; P4 showed significant difference (P≤0.05). There was a significant difference (P≤0.05) in sperm abnormality of P0; P1 with P2; P3; P4. The abnormality between P0; P1 and P2; P3 showed no significant difference (P≥0.05), while P2; P3 showed a significant difference with P4 (P≤0.05). The best result in sperm quality was supplementation with 1.5mM α-tocopherol. Ca²⁺ intracellular intensity: 142.76± 21.8 au (P0) and 176.06±61.43 au (P3).

Conclusions: It was concluded that 1.5mM α-tocopherol is the best dose to improve sperm quality by regulating intracellular Ca²⁺ intensity on Simmental bull cattle.